Better Practices for Sustainable Seaweed Cultivation in the Caribbean
summary of the document Better Practices for Sustainable Seaweed Cultivation in the Caribbean (July 2024):
In 2023, I had the pleasure of being a collaborator on this report for The Nature Conservancy. It is quite a comprehensive document which aims to be a working one as the industry progresses. For your interest you can download a copy to learn more about this fledgling industry in the Caribbean.
Download PDF on Better practices for seaweed cultivation
The Caribbean has immense potential for sustainable seaweed farming, which can provide environmental benefits, economic opportunities, and food security. This report, developed by experts from institutions like The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Caribbean Aquaculture Education and Innovation Hub (CAEIH), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, outlines best management practices (BMPs) for seaweed cultivation in the region.
Current Status of Seaweed Aquaculture in the Caribbean
Although seaweed aquaculture in the Caribbean is currently limited, the region’s biodiversity and climate provide favorable conditions for expansion. Historically, indigenous Caribbean communities engaged in aquaculture, but modern seaweed farming started in the 1970s, using techniques from the Indo-Pacific.
Key species cultivated: Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheumatopsis isiformis, and Gracilaria spp.
Leading countries: Belize and St. Lucia are pioneers in seaweed farming, with Belize focusing on small-scale production for local markets and St. Lucia developing a growing export industry.
Production Recommendations for Small-Scale Seaweed Farming
Successful seaweed farming depends on several key factors:
Site Selection: Farms should be located in areas with optimal water temperature (22-30°C), salinity (30-35), and current flow. Sites should avoid sensitive marine habitats such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds.
Seed Sourcing & Nurseries: Sustainable cultivation requires seed nurseries to avoid overharvesting wild seaweed. While most farms use vegetative propagation, spore-based propagation could help improve genetic diversity and resilience.
Cultivation Systems: Various farming methods exist, including floating lines and submerged lines. These methods should minimize environmental impacts while optimizing growth.
Harvesting & Maintenance: Regular cleaning of seaweed and farm structures prevents biofouling and ensures high-quality harvests. Proper handling reduces damage to seaweed and marine ecosystems.
Storm Preparedness: Farmers must prepare for hurricanes and extreme weather events by securing farm structures and planning for post-storm recovery.
Market Opportunities & Supply Chain Considerations
The global demand for seaweed and its derivatives is rising, with applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Caribbean seaweed farmers can benefit from:
Expanding markets: Beyond traditional uses like beverages and body products, seaweed can be used in bioplastics, animal feed, and agriculture.
Sustainability certifications: Adhering to standards like the ASC-MSC Seaweed Standard can improve market access.
Cooperative processing & value-added products: Investing in processing infrastructure and cooperative marketing can increase profitability.
Supporting Seaweed Aquaculture Growth
Key stakeholders—including governments, investors, researchers, and nonprofits—can support the industry by:
Funding research & development: Improved farming techniques, breeding programs, and ecological studies can enhance productivity.
Creating policy frameworks: Clear regulations on permitting, marine spatial planning, and environmental impact assessments are needed.
Supporting small-scale farmers: Training programs, cooperative models, and financial assistance can help local farmers thrive.
Potential for Large-Scale Seaweed Farming
While small-scale farming is currently dominant, large-scale seaweed farming could provide significant economic benefits. However, challenges include:
High investment requirements: Large farms need specialized equipment and significant capital.
Environmental considerations: Careful siting and ecological monitoring are necessary to prevent negative impacts.
Supply chain & market readiness: Developing efficient logistics and distribution networks is essential for scaling up.
Conclusion
The Caribbean has significant potential to develop a sustainable seaweed aquaculture industry that supports local communities while benefiting marine ecosystems. By following best management practices, investing in research, and expanding market opportunities, the region can become a key player in the global seaweed economy.